Abstract:
Background
Outpatient depression treatment in Germany is challenged by several issues on qualitative and organisational levels. While the former refer to low rates of adequate recognition and treatment, the latter raise questions about multidisciplinary collaborations between general practitioners, psychiatric specialists and medical psychotherapists.
Goal
The present study aims at optimising outpatient depression treatment in Germany by designing a model that integrates conclusions obtained from specific empirical analyses as well as from a literature review.
Methodology
Data from 346 depressed outpatients were collected by 43 general practitioners (GPs) and 24 psychiatric specialists in three German study regions (Rhineland, South Baden and Munich) at two dates of measurement (time span 6-8 weeks), constituting a study participation of 16,75%. Doctor’s and patient’s self assessments were collected reflecting information about identification and treatment of depression, referral, attitudes toward treating depressed patients, as well as on the general state of health of the patients. GP’s and specialits’s perspectives were contrasted for each date of measurement separately using parametric and nonparametric methodology. Data was corrected according to Bonferroni. In addition, correlational analyses were conducted.
Results
The outcomes were mostly in favour of the psychiatric specialists referring to their more comprehensive anamnesis, higher rates of appropriate identification, and more appropriate medicamentous treatment. In addition, psychiatric specialists felt much more confident about their capabilities in treating depression, were less impaired by working with depressed individuals, and wished less frequently further training. Psychiatric specialist’s patients on their part turned out to be more severely ill than the GP’s patients.
Conclusions
In sum, the results indicate that GPs feel rather unsafe in treating depression and achieve lower quality levels than psychiatric specialists in many areas. In spite of this relative advantage of the specialists the outcomes of this study clearly address shortcomings also there. As a consequence, outpatient depression treatment in Germany should be ameliorated for both fields. As a means to optimise it, the model Nucleusverband has been developed. It suggests that general practitioners, psychiatric specialists and medical psychotherapists can collaborate more efficiently by integrating and coordinating thier expert level capabilities in a discretely launched Nucleusverband. Doing so allows them to efficiently profit from professional synergies and avoid upcoming redundancies. In addition, given it’s recurrent phases, varying levels of severity and need for close supervision and care, offering flexible treatment options by several experts signifies taking into account the specific nature of the illness depression.