Abstract:
The excavation of Tuyuhun-Tubo (Tibetan) elite graves in Dulan and Delingha of the modern Qinghai province has necessitated a rewriting of the history of the Silk Road of the northwestern China, especially during 5th - 8th century AD. The dissertation analyses the Tuyuhun-Tubo cemeteries and artifacts found in the northern Tibetan Plateau during the past decades, aiming to presenting the complicated cultural appearance and connections along the Silk Road, and reconstructing the geographical Qinghai Silk Road.
Observed from both the written sources and archaeological finds, the development of the Silk Road through the northern Tibetan Plateau experienced basically three phases: the Han-Jin period (3rd century BC - 3rd century AD), the early Tuyuhun period (4th century – mid 7th century) and the latter Tuyuhun period (Tubo period) (mid 7th century - 8th century).
The Han-Jin period was the initial phase, and the development of routes was only limited in the eastern section (the He-Huang region). After Han Chinese immigrated to this new territory, the policy facilitated the cultural and social transformation of indigenous cultures, and a process of sinicization started. In the middle and late of the Eastern Han period the local Han culture achieved its climax.
During the early Tuyuhun period, the central China and its western frontier experienced a long-lasting chaos caused by warfares, and the Gansu Corridor was often obstructed. After Tuyuhun occupied this region, the Qinghai Silk Road via the Qaidam Basin became an unprecedented flourishing paths connecting the eastern powers with the central Asia and further west, and achieved its first zenith of performance.
The latter Tuyuhun period (Tubo period) witnessed the second and also the most prosperous phrase of the Qinghai Silk Road. After Tuyuhun was annexed by Tubo, its communication with Tang Dynasty and Central Asia played a leading role. The foreign cultural elements swarm into Tibetan Plateau from the east, north and west, therefore presented complicated cultural features. The trade along the Silk Road was much more advanced than former periods, which was evidenced by numerous archaeological finds in Dulan, Delingha and their vicinities. The far-reaching influence of the Qinghai Silk Road perhaps was its great contribute to the Tibetan culture.