Abstract:
Black holes and neutron stars are compact remnants of massive stars at the endpoint of stellar evolution. As they have consumed all their nuclear fuel they are not radiating themselves anymore, which makes isolated compact objects rather difficult if not even impossible to discover. If they are found in binary systems, however, they may accrete matter from their stellar companion, thereby producing radiation that can be observed in the X-ray regime.
In this thesis I analyze and discuss X-ray observations of two binary systems, containing a black hole and a neutron star, respectively:
The first part of the work is dedicated to a detailed broadband study of the black hole binary Cygnus X-1, which is one of the brightest persistent sources in the X-ray sky. Cyg X-1 was observed at the end of 2004 simultaneously by the three satellites XMM-Newton, RXTE, and INTEGRAL. As these three instruments cover an energy range from 2.8 keV - 1 MeV, one of the best resolved broadband spectra ever was obtained. As Cyg X-1 is too bright actually to be observable by XMM-Newton in its standard modes, a new observing mode (called the "Modified Timing mode") has been developed for the EPIC-pn camera. This mode and its calibration are described in Chapter 4. In the two following chapters the results of the data analysis are presented, which was split in two main parts. On the one hand a study of the broadband continuum was performed to constrain models for the Comptonizing plasma surrounding the black hole and its accretion disk (using RXTE and INTEGRAL, Chapter 3), on the other hand a detailed analysis of the Fe K-alpha region was conducted to search for effects of relativistic line broadening (using XMM-Newton, Chapter 5). The broadband continuum is found to show a hard tail above ~300 keV (as it is expected for the Hard Intermediate State during which the observations took place) which could be explained in terms of non-thermal Comptonization. The presence of a broadened iron line, which is also expected in this state, could be confirmed in the XMM-Newton analysis. Contrary to results by the Chandra observatory, however, Kerr models are favored for the description of the line profile in the XMM-Newton observations.
In the second part of this thesis the results of two years of INTEGRAL observations of the neutron star binary 4U 1907+09 are reported. The main focus of this analysis is a study of the timing behavior of this source, as 4U 1907+09 is one of the few sources known to show a steady spin-down behavior over the last 20 years since the first measurement of its pulse period in 1983. This behavior changed completely during the INTEGRAL observations in 2004 when 4U 1907+09 underwent a complete torque reversal. Since then the pulse period of the neutron star is constantly decreasing. In addition to the timing also an analysis of the 5-90 keV spectrum is performed. The presence of two cyclotron lines in the spectrum allows the calculation of the magnetic field strength of this object. With the knowledge of this field strength it is in turn possible to draw conclusions on the accretion geometry and the spin behavior.