Abstract:
Aptamers have been introduced to analytical applications, target validation, and drug discovery processes and, recently, applied directly as therapeutic agents. Aptamers can be generated by a method called SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment). This is quite remarkable for such a young technology, which is only created in the early 1990s. Given their small size, ease of synthesis, low cost, and high specificity, aptamers provide versatile tools for validation of intracellular and extracellular targets. With a number of additional aptamers expected to enter into clinical trials over the next years, aptamers appear to make a significant contribution to the treatment of acute and chronic diseases.MSCs are one of the stem cell populations that are being introduced in the clinic for treatment of several degenerative diseases. MSC´s have several advantages including the differentiation potential and the stability of their phenotype in vitro. The use of these cells in therapy showed also promising results in phase I clinical trials. It is hoped that using stem cells in the clinic will bring major advances in the therapy of several chronic and degenerative diseases. But, due to the lack of specific phenotype, the isolation of pure MSCs is an obstacle on the application ways. The traditional method of the isolation is based on their selective adherence to plastic surfaces; other methods are based on the characteristics of MSC, using antibodies against MSCs or positive depletion of other cells, but the specificity of the antibodies are still under research.Thus, the cell populations obtained by current methods are essentially heterogeneous.We first used osteoblasts to show the proof of principle and then applied this principle on pig mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). We targeted pigMSCs and generated aptamers which can bind them with high affinity and specificity. Using these aptamers we set up a new method to isolate MSCs from bone marrow, which is quick and efficient. Than we used the fresh isolated MSCs to analyse the phenotype and found some interesting changes which may contribute to the subpopulations of MSCs. This study shows for the first time that immobilized aptamers can work as capture molecules on biomaterials to fish out the target cells from a biological mixture. This new application of aptamers will bring novel aspects of MSCs to the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.