Abstract:
In this study an advanced approach towards low energy focused ion beam (FIB) system design and operation based on the use of immersion optics is presented. The system performance in terms of obtainable resolution for a given beam current has been investigated both theoretically as well as experimentally using a newly developed ion beam column.
A thorough aberration-optical analysis has been carried out, which comprised the calculation of first-order optical properties and aberration coefficients of individual optical components as well as of the overall system. The results of this analysis have been used as a guideline for the layout and the choice of the favourable operation mode of the experimental test setup. Additionally, the impact of mutual Coulomb interactions on the thus predicted system performance has also been considered using numerical simulation tools. Methods have been developed to provide an objective measure for quantifying these interaction effects, and it has been shown that the latter may indeed be considered to have a limiting influence for the achievable probe size in the experimental setup.
In parallel to these theoretical investigations, the practical realisation of the ion beam system was initiated. A reliably operating ion beam column has been developed, that - due to the envisaged operation mode - differs considerably from standard FIB setups. All mechanical system components have thus been newly developed, with some, e.g. the ion gun, having already been redesigned during the course of this study to provide improved functionality. Here the experience gained from early experimental data - obtained with purpose-built test setups - could be beneficially employed. Additionally, for the manufacturing of the air-tight joints between metals and insulator ceramic required for the isolation valve, the method of vacuum brazing was successfully introduced. Furthermore, to enable the above mentioned immersion operation, a number of dedicated power supplies has been designed and realised.
Using dedicated measurement instrumentation, the performance of the low energy focused ion beam system has also been investigated experimentally. Probe sizes of 450 nm at 2 keV landing energy and 350 nm at 3 keV landing energy, respectively, have been obtained at beam currents of approximately 100 pA. The measurements thus deviate by a factor of about two from predicted data. Improved experimental data are expected to be obtained by further improving the existent system alignment concept.