Abstract:
Global climatic change and the resulting environment impact have, over the last decade, become one of the most important issues within the scientific community. In order to predict future anthropogenic changes, it is fundamental to understand the natural dynamics of ecosystems. The dissertation presented here, is a contribution to this goal. The main questions of this thesis are thus:
1) Can the surrounding vegetation of a heavily water-dependant, dynamic eco-systems be predicted on a small scale?
2) Are patterns of Leaf area index (LAI) recognizable within these ecosystems and can they be related to the different types of vegetation?
3) Can the palynoflora be used as a proxy for LAI and, thus, to draw conclusions to the netto primary production and standing biomass?
4) Is it possible to estimate the climate accurately using the coexistence approach based on palynomorphs from deltaic soil samples and which conclusions can be drawn to the underlying database?
These questions are discussed by means of detailed study in the Mobile Delta, Alabama, U.S.A., and the Everglades, Florida, U.S.A.
The completed research has revealed it is possible to reconstruct different types of vegetation on a small scale within these dynamic ecosystems by a multivariate approach. In order to yield satisfactory results a set of various statistical methods are necessary. Hence, a new methodological flowchart is designed and presented. It is suggested that this novel procedure be adopted as a basis for a new standard method in palynological analysis.
According the findings of this dissertation, the LAI is not constrained by the vegetation type alone. Apparently, geomorphological parameters also play an equally important role in the growth of leaves. Moreover, the LAI correlates with the frequency of the palynomorphs. It is, however, impossible to estimate the amount of the LAI on the basis of the palynoflora alone. More detailed analysis of LAI-distribution and its correlation to palynological data are still needed in this regard.
After exclusion of some problematic species, the mean annual temperature (MAT) within the Mobile Delta is calculated accurately. Based on the average MAT interval, a weak cooling can be observed, which is in accordance with measured climate data. This cooling, however, can be shown to be a methological artefact. Using the average coexistence-intervals alone can thus lead to misinterpretations of climatic paramters. It could also be demonstrated that the upper boundary for precipitation values in the database is often too low.