Abstract:
Background: Early left hemispheric brain lesions often induce right hemispheric organization of language functions. The children thus affected show delays in language development, but an apparently normal language outcome when they are adolescents or adults. Many patients with early left hemispheric brain lesions, however, show persistent deficits in visuospatial skills, which are usually mediated by the right hemisphere. This paradox finding has been explained by a) a "crowding" of the right hemisphere, or b) considered to be due to unspecific lesion effects.
Methods: The present work examined with neuropsychological methods and functional neuroimaging the consequences of early left-hemispheric brain injury on the behavioral and the functional neuroanatomical level. Patients with congenital left-hemispheric brain lesions and normal controls were examined with a neuropsychological test battery and with verbal and nonverbal tasks in functional MRI.
Results: It was shown that patients with early left hemispheric brain lesions may experience deficits in visuospatial functions, if their lesion induced a reorganization of language to the right hemisphere. The visuospatial deficits are, in these patients, not an unspecific consequence of the brain lesion, as lesion size did not correlate with visuospatial skills without motor component. The degree of right-hemispheric involvement in language production, however, correlated significantly with pure visuospatial skills. On the level of functional neuroanatomy, these patients with lesion-induced right-hemispheric language organization did not show any signs for reorganization of nonverbal functions from the right to the left hemisphere, or within the right hemisphere. In fact, verbal and nonverbal functions shared cortical tissue to a larger extent than was found in the control group.
Conclusions: The neuropsychological deficits of patients with early left hemispheric brain lesions seems to be associated with an increased sharing of cortical networks by functionally different tasks.