Abstract:
In the course of the last decades, significant progress could be achieved in practical applications of Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). In contrast, comparatively poor insight in the underlying processes within the complex interphase systems (Dorsey and Dill) of stationary phases, such as alkyl coated silica, could be achieved. It is evident, that the structure of the stationary phases determine the interactions with different shaped analyte molecules in solution and thus play a key role in the understanding of the separation process. A better insight is however critical for further improvements and tailoring of stationary phases for difficult separation problems such as isomeric compounds with equal or very similar polarity.
Up to now most theories about the selectivity of pronounced shape selective stationary phases (like C30-phases or special PEA-phases), for molecules like polyaromatic compounds or carotinoides, are based on parametric models only coarsely describing unpolar interactions and steric effects that are not completely satisfying.
Detailed three-dimensional models of the ranges of more rigid trans- and more flexible gauche-conformations of the alkyl-chains could help to better understand the processes leading to chromatographic separation of shape constrained analytes.
This work contributes to the development of more detailed models by combining advanced multimedia technology together with classical molecular modelling for the visualisation and simulation of the chromatographic process.
In the first part of the work, data formats for representation and manipulation of the molecular systems are studied and conversion programs are developed. Coarse grain modelling based on 3D multimedia software was used to study the dynamic conformational changes and overall behaviour of fixed alkyl chains.
The second part describes the usage of the developed methods together with results from statistical themodynamics, molecular-modelling simulations and various experimental methods (NMR, ellipsometry, elementary analysis) to achieve a better spatial insight into the different RP-HPLC interphase systems by visualisation. The simulations and the experimental data are in compliance with each other. The Data are also consistent with published results form spin-diffusion experiments suggesting an island-like patch distribution of more rigid and more flexible alkyl chains in the interphase layer. Two mechanisms are proposed for the formation of such islands denominated as "lateral coagulation" and "distal coagulation".
Further simulations and animations have been performed to clarify the localisation of the interactions within the molecule and the mechanisms involved within specialised stationary phases such as Pirkle-type phases.