Abstract:
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in childhood. It is considered an autoimmune disease, but the underlying processes are quite unknown. To compound matters, there is no adequate animal model that would assist investigations of its pathogenic principles.
In the K/BxN mouse model distal joints spontaneously develop arthritis on day 25 to 35. This disease is caused by a autoimmune response against the systemic, cytosolic antigen glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), a glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzyme. Transfer of antibodies targeting GPI triggers arthritis even in wildtype mice. The similarity of the symptoms in this animal model to human disease is striking. Therefore it was the aim of this study to evaluate the significance of humoral autoreactivity against GPI in the pathogenesis of JIA.
The results reveal that a humoral immune response against GPI is not a common pathogenic principle of JIA. Even if some individuals showed an elevated concentration of serum anti-GPI-IgG, this was not true for JIA or its subgroups as compared to controls. GPI activity, representing the native antigen, was increased in the serum of patients suffering from the systemic form of JIA. Additionally, synovial fluid from joints of JIA patients showed strongly elevated GPI activities, paralleled by an increase of lactate dehydrogenase. This suggests an increased cell death in the synovial cavity, resulting in the release of GPI, and thus exposing this antigen to the immune system. A previous study on the specificity and sensitivity of an immune response against GPI made use of a preparation that was considerably contaminated. Here, these contaminating proteins were identified, and it was shown that these proteins were also targeted by IgG-antibodies, but again without specificity for JIA or its subgroups.
Thus, the K/BxN mouse model clearly is a valuable tool for the analysis of autoreactivity, but GPI is not a common target for autoreactivity in human arthritis.