Abstract:
This thesis consits of 5 major parts. Most of the chapters are separate publications (mainly published, under review or in preparation).
Chapter 1: A general introduction is given to the reader on the control of foreland basins. After the numerical background of the global and regional M2 simulations, a workflow is outlined, to process geocoded ArcView data towards a 3D gOcad model, generating input files for Quoddy. Quoddy is a Fortran77 finite element program that simulates tides and velocity fields in shallow waters.
Chapter 2: An introduction to the palaeogeography of the early Miocene in global scale is given in chapter 2. The study presents the results of a global tidal M2 simulation. Aim of the study is to evaluate proper tidal amplitudes at the open gateways of the Burdigalian Seaway, which linked the western Mediterranean (Marseille, France) with the Paratethys (Linz, Austria). The derived tidal amplitudes are used to drive the shallow water model in chapter 3.
Chapter 3: A stratigraphic and palaeogegraphic framework is established for the maximum flooding of the peri-Alpine foreland basin during the OMM. Shallow water simulations are introduced, providing information on the tidal response and meso-scale currents of the seaway, using different boundary conditions. The simulations are driven by M2 waves and provide information on tidal amplitudes and bottom velocities. Calculated residual currents yield insights into net-sediment transport directions.
Chapter 4: A field study in SW Germany is carried out to develop a sequence stratigraphic model, which allows to correlate marginal sequences with the basin. The nearshore cross-bedded Randengrobkalk was evaluated for tidal-/wave- or current influences. The successions are separated in different facies types according to the ratio of siliciclastics (quarz grains) to carbonate (fossiliferous debris), sedimentary structures and microfacies.
Chapter 5: This chapter respans the question which boundary conditions may have driven the regional currents in the Burdigalian Seayway. A twofold approach has been carried out. (1) Enhanced palaeogeographic reconstructions for the circum-Mediterranean realm have been used for further global M2 simulations. This yields a tidal range, which might have co-oscillated with the open gateways of the Burdigalian Seaway, giving us a conservative but also an optimistic idea about the expected tidal amplitudes.
(2) To accomodate the shift of tidal loci, during the transgression, palaeogeographic sketch maps have been derived for the OMM key stages. To generate an overall idea about net-sediment transport directions, the regional model of the Burdigalian Seawy was also forced by wind and fresh water influx from the surrounding rivers and fan deltas. This yields information on the sensitivity of residual velocities in terms of the different driving forces.