Abstract:
Three poly(ethylene-co-acrylic) acid copolymers (-CH2CH2-)x[CH2CH(CO2H)-]y with different chain lengths and mass fractions of acrylic acid were covalently immobilized as stationary phases on silica via two variants of spacer molecules (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane respectively 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane). Different mobilities of the alkyl chains in the stationary phases were observed using 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The stationary phases with more rigid trans ordered alkyl chains revealed better selectivities for geometric beta-carotene isomers. 13C High Resolution/Magic Angle Spinning (HR/MAS) NMR measurements of the chromatographic sorbents suspended in the mobile phase confirmed a dependency of the molecular shape recognition ability on the alkyl chain conformation and also the temperature. These sorbents were successfully in the hyphenation of HPLC with NMR spectroscopy for the structure elucidation of tocopherole isomers. Furthermore silica wafers were modified by covalently immobilizing the copolymers. In the copolymers attached to the silica wafers via a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane spacer molecule the more acidic and shorter copolymers with mostly mobile gauche conformed alkyl chains, ellipsometric measurements revealed a mean value of the layer thickness distribution of 6.5 nm respectively 4.3 nm. However, for the longest and least acidic copolymer with more rigid trans ordered alkyl chains a mean phase thickness of 10.6 nm was found. When this copolymer was immobilized via a 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane spacer molecule we measured a mean layer thickness of 9.9 nm. Also, two polymer based chiral HPLC sorbents were prepared by immobilizing both, a poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) copolymer with an acid mass fraction of 5 % and the Pirkle chiral selector molecule (S)-(+)-N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-phenylglycine on silica gel. The separation of shape constrained solutes such as non-polar geometric beta-carotene isomers could be achieved in the reversed-phase mode, and the separation of (S) and (R) isomers of 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9-anthryl)ethanol in the normal-phase mode.