Abstract:
In the last years the interest in heterogeneous catalysis of semiconducting materials has substantially increased and the relevancy of the catalysis for the understanding of metal oxide chemical gas sensors has been realized. Up to now several investigations on different metal oxides have been carried out, especially on tin oxide (SnO2), which is one of the most attractive materials for metal oxide gas sensors. In spite of the huge number of investigations the CO reaction mechanism on the surface as well as the interfering effect of the present water on the CO sensing mechanisms are not well understood.
The aim of the work was the characterisation of various thick film tin oxide gas sensors (un-doped and Pd-doped sensors) and CO adsorption studies at working conditions of the sensors (elevated temperatures, presence of humidity) using DRIFT (Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transformation) spectroscopy. This special technique proved to provide complementary information to the phenomenological measurements. During this work a special set-up was developed and optimised and this made it possible for the first time to conduct an in-situ characterisation of thick film sensors during gas exposure. Parallel to the DRIFT spectra, the resistance of the sensors was recorded in order to find the correlations between spectroscopic and electrical measurements. Additionally, the electrical measurements provide a reference and make it possible to compare current results with the previous electrical measurements. The results allowed to identify the chemical compounds (as reactants various surface OH, coordinated water, differently adsorbed oxygen species and as products surface carbonates, surface carboxylates and hydrated protons) on the sensor surface involved in the gas sensing process and to clarify the role of the water and dopants. It was found that the intensity of the surface hydrated protons is highly correlated with the sensor signal, which lead to the conclusion that the surface hydrated proton species act as a donor resulting in a higher sensor signal.