Abstract:
During complex functions of the brain (e.g. formation of memory), contact sites between neurons get modulated by the local activity of specific proteins. The transport of the corresponding mRNAs into dendrites and their subsequent translation at activated synapses represents a possible mechanism to accomplish this. Staufen proteins are important components for the transport of transcripts along microtubules from the cell body to the synapses. However, few proteins of the transport machinery have been identified so far. Therefore, one aim of my Ph.D. thesis was the identification of further components of these ribonucleoparticles (RNPs).
In Drosophila melanogaster Staufen, Barentsz and kinesin heavy chain (KHC) are essential proteins for the localization of oskar mRNA to the posterior pole of the oocyte. Therefore I investigated, whether the mammalian homolog of Drosophila Barentsz is a component of the Staufen/mRNP complexes in neurons. By immunoprecipitation assays I showed that Barentsz interacts with Staufen1 and two isoforms of Staufen2. This interaction is RNA-dependent and mediated by the conserved domain of Barentsz. Interestingly, the dendritically localized BC1 RNA and several not yet identified mRNAs are additional components of the Barentsz complexes. Furthermore, Barentsz interacts with the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4AIII, the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), the light and heavy chain of the mictrotubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) and several, not yet identified RNA binding proteins.
In the second part of my thesis I investigated, whether a kinesin motor protein is associated with Barentsz complexes that could mediate their transport into dendrites. By immunoprecipitations I showed that Barentsz interacts with a kinesin motor protein with a molecular mass of 150 kDa and KHC. In rat brain, Barentsz exists in its phosphorylated form. As the dephosphorylation of Barentsz enhances the interaction with KHC, this may represent a mechanism by which the transport of RNPs could be regulated.
Together, my data suggest that Staufen, Barentsz and KHC are part of a conserved complex which is important for the mRNA transport in different organisms.