Abstract:
Pseudorabiesvirus (PRV) is the causative agent of Aujeszky’s disease of pigs, leading to high financial losses in agriculture. Available vaccines don’t fulfil conditions for an ideal vaccine. New vaccines are at the development stage. PRV-glycoproteins play an important role in generating protective immunity against PRV. Therefore T- and B- cell epitopes of pseudorabiesviral glycoproteins should be identified.
The focus was on T- and B-cell epitope-mapping of glycoprotein gD. At first three gD-fusion proteins were prepared in the bacterial expression system pEV40: GD (gD AA 1-402), representing the whole glycoprotein gD, GD-1 (gD AA 1-170), the N-terminal-, and GD-2 (GD AA 170-402), the C-terminal- gD-part. These should be used to narrow down B- or T-cell epitopes in Western blot analyses with PRV-specific sera or in proliferation tests with PRV-immune PBMC. The bacterial expression system pEV 40 was only fit for limited service in expression of the gD-fusion proteins. All three fusion proteins were only expressed in small quantities and GD and GD-1 were largely insoluble. Even accumulation experiments with affinity chromatography brought no significant increase of yield. So gD-fusion proteins had to be used as 7 M urea-extracts in further experiments.
Western blot analyses with gD-fusion proteins and PRV-specific sera showed B-cell epitopes mainly on the C-terminal gD-part (gD AA 170-402). Synthetic pentadecapeptides, overlapping 10 AA, representing the whole GD (gD 1-79), were prepared and analyzed with MS. To map B-cell epitopes, peptide ELISA with PRV-specific goat- and inbred pig- sera and peptides gD1-79 were carried out. Here linear B-cell epitopes were found in the C-terminal gD-part (gD AA 271-402).
For closer localization of T-cell epitopes, proliferation tests with gD-fusion proteins and PRV-specific PBMC of inbred pigs were carried out. Here T-cell epitopes were found in the N-terminal gD-part (gD AA 1-170). Peptides gD1-35 (gD AS1- 185), representing the N-terminal gD-part, were used to map T-cell epitopes of the inbred pig. In this way, the T-cell epitope gD16 (gD AS 76-90) could be identified. gD16-specific PBMC-proliferation was MHC class II-restricted. The role of the CD8 coreceptor and MHC class I- molecule remained open. With IL-2 activation assays a high gD16- and -PL-PRV- specific IL-2-production within the PBMC population, due to activated T-helper cells, could already be demonstrated within 24 h.
In view of future vaccine development, gD-peptides were used to map T-cell epitopes of outbred pigs with polymorphic MHC. In this way, for one animal 15 potential T-cell epitopes and for another animal 14 potential T-cell epitopes could be identified. There was a high individual difference within the peptide specific reaction.
For peptide gD15 (gD AA 71-85), representing a T-cell epitope of animal 2, with IL-2 activation assays and RT-PCR no specific IL-2-production could be detected. IL-2-production, and therefore a Th-1-typical reaction, was shown for -PL-PRV, even within 24 h with IL-2 activation assay and with PCR after 48 h.