Abstract:
Tetrathiafulvalenes (TTF) and related heterocycles have received much interest due to their unique electron-donating capabilities
As such, they have a widespread application in modern material science chemistry: as a component of macrocycles, molecular metals and superconductors at low temperatures. Due to their planar structure (intercalation with DNA bases ) and their redox properties they also might be potential interesting drugs in cancer therapy.
However, no studies have been made so far on the possible application of TTF to biological systems because of the insolubility of the known derivatives in water. The main task of this thesis was, therefore, to synthesize and characterise novel water-soluble TTF- and 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate (DMIT) - carbohydrate derivatives. In an attempt to determine the biological activity of TTF-containing and related compounds. 2,6-bis(2’’-cyanoethylthio)-3,7-bis(6’-thio-D-glucopyranosyl)tetrathiafulvalene (30) and 2,6-bis(2’’-cyano-ethylthio)-3,7-bis(1’-thio-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)tetrathiafulvalene (31) were found to be cytotoxic against SK-N-LO and SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium-bromide) assay. With this test system, proliferation and vitality of cells can be measured in vitro due to the capability of vital mitochondria to reduce MTT to formazans. Using this test system LD50 values of substances 31 and 31 were found ~0.07 to 2.00 µM/mL, which is comparable to those of the well-known cytotoxic drug doxorubicin. On the other side, the DMIT-carbohydrate conjugates 4,5-bis(6’-thio-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,3-dithiole-2-thione (36) and 4-(2’’-cyanoethylthio)-5-(1’-thio-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,3-dithiole-2-thione (37) did not exhibit any cytotoxic activity. This may be due to the different structural properties of DMIT compounds compared to compounds 30 and 31.
In summary: 2,6-bis(2’’-cyanoethylthio)-3,7-bis(6’-thio-D-glucopyranosyl)-tetrathiafulvalene (30) and 2,6-bis(2’’-cyanoethylthio)-3,7-bis(1’-thio-beta-D-gluco-pyranosyl)tetrathiafulvalene (31) are cytotoxic to both human neuroblastoma cell lines tested with the MTT assay. It may be that these effects can be further enhanced by combination with other redox active substances (Redox cycling). This question should be answered in further in vitro- and in vivo- experiments.