Abstract:
Differences in bimanual coordination skills among children during development are often explained in terms of differences in maturation of the sensorimotor system, as indicated, for example, by the persistence of involuntary contralateral co-activation during uni-manual movements (interlimb coupling). The present study attempted to investigate the influence of training on bimanual coordination in two groups of 5 to 8 year old children (n=34). The training involved four weekly sessions using the Bi-manual Coordination Test (BMC), which requires continuous rotatory movements with both hands. Several combinations of parallel versus symmetric movements as well as equal versus unequal left-to-right inputs were trained.
The status of neuromotor maturation of these children and measures of basic right and left hand motor functions were obtained. The children also performed a test of divided attention.
In comparison with a waiting group, all participants increased their performance on the BMC-Test significantly and in a 4-week follow-up held that level of performance. Also there was a positive transfer to BMC-tasks which had not been used during training. The younger children showed greater improvements than the older ones. Most prominent were a reduction in the variability of performance and in associated movements of the contralateral limb.
A regression analysis indicated that divided attention performance had the highest predictive value for BMC-performance before training. Other predictors were level of associated movements and level of right- as well as left-hand skill. After training the age of the children as well as basic sensorimotor skills had highest predictive values.