Abstract:
In the process of photoassociation, two cold atoms are associated to an excited molecule by absorption of a photon. In this thesis, the first realization of this process in an atomic mixture is reported, which is the heteronuclear photoassociation of magneto-optically trapped 6Li and 7Li atoms. In various experiments, photoassociation is used for high-resolution spectroscopy of the 6Li7Li molecule and for the determination of the interspecies triplet scattering length. Moreover, the saturation behaviour of the photoassociation rate is investigated.
The cold 6Li/7Li mixture is generated in a combined magneto-optical trap. The stored and superimposed atomic clouds are illuminated by a tunable dye laser and the 7Li steady-state particle number as a function of the photoassociation laser frequency is monitored. Light-induced decrease in the 7Li particle number which only occurs in presence of 6Li atoms gives clear evidence of photoassociation to 6Li7Li molecules.
Heteronuclear photoassociation resonances were observed over a detuning range of 3000 GHz, both for the singlet and the triplet series. The prediciton of the line positions and the identification of the resonances were possible by using the method of mass-reduced quantum numbers. High resolution spectra were taken for exemplary singlet and triplet states. The singlet spectra are characterized by the atomic hyperfine structure and the rotational structure of the excited state in a simple manner. In a further measurement, the 6Li/7Li triplet scattering length was determined from the strengths of the photoassociation resonances. The experimental value of 43.1 a0 confirms the theoretical predictions, while the experimental uncertainty is determined by simplifying assumptions in the data analysis and not by the accuracy of measurement. Moreover, the saturation behaviour of the photoassociation rate was investigated. For a selected singlet transition, a careful data analysis, taking various systematic effects into account, shows saturation of the photoassociation rate for two of the four hyperfine components. The corresponding saturation intensities are in the range of 40 W/cm2. In a promising experiment, two-color photoassociation of 6Li was realized. The binding energy of the last bound level of the triplet ground state was determined to 24.391 GHz. Furthermore, Autler-Townes splitting was observed and the decay rate to bound ground-state molecules was derived to 4.3 x 10^5 per second.
These results are fundamental for a great number of future experiments with the system 6Li/7Li, which is particularly interesting due to its Fermion-Boson character.