Abstract:
Dok. 1: thesis - text
Dok. 2 - 5: appendices
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The present study has purpose to simulate the radiation transports of particle through the head accelerator for 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams. Based on the results of this study, the dose calculation of the irradiation technique can be implemented at clinic routine with higher precision. Furthermore, the simulations with this model are used to verify the corresponding measurements and to explain the phenomena which were found by the measurements.
First, six models are created for each photon beam. The parameters of their electron source are verified to investigate the influences of these parameters on the radiation quantities of the photon beam and on the dose distribution in the water phantom. Here are the following results:
The energy of the electron source plays an important role both for the radiation quantities of the photon beam and for the dose distribution on the water phantom. The electron energy affects not only the number of the photon which come in the phase space, but also the characteristics of the photon.
The radiation quantities of the photon beam for the monoenergetic electron source are slight different with the radiation quantities of the photon for the electron source with Gaussian spectrum.
The variation of the full-width at half-maximum of the energy spectrum has small influences over the radiation quantities of the photon beam. Only at the energy fluence distribution, a corresponding difference between two electron sources with the energy spectrum is found.
At almost radiation quantities of the photon beam, the differences between the parallel electron source and the point electron source are found. Only at the mean energy distribution there are no differences.
By the variation of the focal spot size of the electron source, almost radiation quantities diversify one another, except the mean energy distribution.
At the investigation of the dose distribution on the water phantom, the comparable results have been found: Only the energy of the electron source affects the depth dose distribution. Almost parameters of the electron source influence the profile, especially at the large field. For 15 MV photon beam, the effects are found principal at field size of 10 cm x 10 cm, respectively for 6 MV photon beam at field size of 20 cm x 20 cm. The increasing of the energy of the electron source caused the increment of the depth dose maximum in water phantom. The full-width at half maximum of the energy spectrum of the electron source affected the profile at 15 MV more than at 6 MV. For 6 MV, the influences of the focal spot of the electron source on profile are observably first for 20 cm x 20 cm field size.
The simulated dose distributions are compared with the measured dose distribution to determine the optimal head accelerator model for each photon beams. The model which gives the best agreement with the measurements was chosen as optimal model.
For the further verification of the optimal model the simulations are employed in water phantom for different field size and for one irregular field. The comparison of these simulations and the according measurements show a good agreement. Furthermore, the effect of the electron contamination at the dose distribution is investigated in water phantom for each individual photon beam. For 6 MV this effect is identified more clearly than for 15 MV: as expected, the higher the energy of linear accelerator, the more the electron contamination.
In this present study, some of the applications of the optimal head accelerator model are investigated. It appears that the simulations can be able to explain the relevant phenomena which were found by the measurements. The investigations of the effect of the detector material at the output factor are proven that the different material of detector causes the differences by the measurements of the output factor. Using the component module which simulates the multi leaf collimator, the tongue and groove effect is investigated. The results of the simulation show a good agreement with the corresponding measurements