Abstract:
This thesis describes the application of carbohydrates as “chiral synthons” for the regio- and stereoselective syntheses of new classes of compounds. Combination of the natural chirality and inherent topology of cyclic sugar derivatives allowed to design a strategy for the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of 3-halo-3-deoxy sugars and 2,3-dihydrobenzo-[1,4]-dithiane derivatives. Furthermore, in this thesis, cesium fluoride-Celite is used as a solid base for convenient, efficient, inexpensive and novel syntheses of ethers, esters, thioethers, thioesters and symmetrical disulfides.
Chapter I describes synthesis of starting materials benzyl 2,3-anhydro-4-O-triflylribopyranosides via benzyl 2,3-anhydroribopyranosides from L- and D-arabinose.
In chapter II, a rapid, easy, regio- and stereoselective synthesis of 3-halo-3-deoxy sugars using titanium tetrahalides is described. To fully confirm the stereochemistry of the synthetic products, the X-ray sturcture of benzyl 3-chloro-3-deoxy--L-xylopyranoside was determined.
Chapter III describes a new method for the elimination of hydrogen halides and p-toluenesulfonic acid from sugar moieties using sodium hydride (NaH) in hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) at room temperature. NaH/HMPA has several advantages compared to NaH/DMF: elimination products are produced in high yields even from sterically hindered starting materials and not only from halides, but also tosylates.
In chapter IV, a convenient and novel method for the stereospecific synthesis of chiral 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dithiane and 2,3-dihydro-methylbenzo[1,4]dithiane from anhydrosugars is described.
In chapter V, syntheses of thioethers and thioesters of aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic compounds, bearing thiol groups are accomplished by reacting alkyl, acyl, benzyl or benzoyl halides in acetonitrile in the presence of cesium fluoride-Celite. In this manner, compounds like ethanethiol, 1-pentanethiol, thiophenol, 4-methoxythiophenol, 4-nitrothiophenol, 2-mercaptobenzoxazole 2-mercaptobenzothiazole or 2-mercapto-2-thiazoline can be successfully alkylated, acylated, benzylated or benzoylated. This procedure is convenient, efficient and practical for the preparation of thioethers and thioesters.
In chapter VI, coupling reactions of a number of alcohols and phenols with alkyl, acyl or benzoyl halides in acetonitrile in the presence of cesium fluoride-Celite are described. It has been found that CsF-Celite combinations provide an efficient, convenient and practical method for syntheses of both, ethers and esters.
In chapter VII, oxidative couplings of aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic thiols to disulfides using cesium fluoride-Celite is reported. CsF-Celite provides an efficient, convenient and practical method for the syntheses of symmetrical disulfides.