Abstract:
It was the goal of this thesis to prepare novel, small-molecular inhibitors of cytokine release from human monocytes. Such compounds are regarded as promising drug candidates for the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions. The pyridin-4-yl-imidazole ML 3163, a known inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase, served as a model compound. Starting from suitable pyridinylethanones 12 pyridinylpyrimidines and 65 pyridinylimidazoless were synthesised. Pyridinylpyrimidines were prepared by condensation of the corresponding aminovinylketones with thiourea and subsequent alkylation at the exocyclic sulphur atom. Pyridinylimidazoles were obtained from the corresponding 2-aminoketones, which in turn had been prepared from pyridinylethanones either by Neber rearrangement or via a nitrosation/reduction strategy. Cyclisation of the 2-aminoketones with potassium thiocyanate yielded the corresponding imidazole-2-thiones, subsequent alkylation at the exocyclic sulphur atom provided the target compounds. Those pyridin-4-yl-imidazoles bearing a substituent at the 2 position of the pyridine ring were obtained by nucleophilic replacement of suitable 2-halogenopyridines with a variety of amines. The target compounds were biologically characterised in an isolated p38 MAP kinase assay, as well as in two cellular assays based on human mononuclear cells and human whole blood respectively. While the pyridinylpyrimidines showed only moderate bioactivity, the most potent of the pyridin-4-yl-imidazoles exceeded model compound ML 3163 in activity in all three assays by up to one order of magnitude. To explain the biological data, a structure-activity relationship was suggested for the compounds presented herein.