Abstract:
Remediation of contaminated groundwater using active remediation methods is often unable to achieve cleanup goals at field sites. Consequently, passive remediation methods were developed based on the natural attenuation and degradation of contaminants (natural attenuation). For the required field investigation, conventional methods use a screen of multilevel wells to quantify contaminant mass fluxes. To overcome the limitations of these methods, a new Integral Groundwater Investigation Method (IGIM) that estimates field scale mass fluxes without regionalizing point-scale data was developed. IGIM requires fewer monitoring wells for a site investigation and results closely match with conventional methods. The IGIM was extended in this study to directly quantify field scale natural attenuation rates. At a MGP site, an IGIM application at two control planes allowed the identification of major groundwater contaminants, the quantification of compound-specific mass fluxes at different distances from the source, the estimation of respective natural attenuation rate constants, and the localisation of major contaminant plumes at the site. The transport modelling for the site utilized a new modelling code accounting for diffusion limited intra-particle sorption of contaminants. The results indicate that biodegradation of organic contaminants is the dominating mass flux reducing process at the site. Transport modelling was also used to investigate the sensitivity of IGIM on a contaminant plume displacement during the pumping at a well. The results show that sorption/desorption processes occurring during contaminant transport towards a well can, under certain conditions, have an influence on IGIM by changing the mobile mass flux measured at the well. This influence, however, decreases with the age of the investigated contaminant plume. It increases with the distance between the pumping well and the main contaminated aquifer region.