Abstract:
MDMA and its analogue MDE are well known illicit street drugs mainly abused by
young people. in spite of the actual research going on, the classification of
their abuse potentials remains clear. For the general assessment of our study
conditions, we compared MDMA with amphetamine in CPP. Unexpectedly, no significant
CPP for MDMA was found in contrast to amphetamine. Detailed analysis of current
literature led us to the working hypothesis, that social environment is crucial
for the development of CPP: in a subsequent experiment we tested the influence
of housing conditions on CPP using MDMA and demonstrated that isolated animals
show significant CPP compared to group-housed ones. In order to better understand
the rewarding mechanisms of Ecstasy-derivatives, we tested both the racemic drugs
and the pure isomers in the CPP paradigm. Both the optical isomers and racemic
MDMA showed significant CPP without notable differences, while MDE and its
isomers completely failed to show any significant CPP. The metabolism MDA, HMMA
and HME of the designer drugs MDMA and MDE was determined in rat serum, whole blood
and urine, as well as in whole brain structures (cortex and striatum) after
subcutaneous administration of 20 mg/kg MDMA and MDE, respectively. MDMA and MDE
were extracted from serum and homogenized brai structures using solid-phase extraction
procedure. The extracts wre examined by a validated high-performance liqiud
chormatography procedure coupled with fluorimetric detection (HPLC/FD). Our
results demonstrate that MDMA is metabolised to a higher degree than MDE, resulting
in ahigher concentration of neurotoxic dihydroxymetabolites and (S)-MDA. There
was no difference between the metabolism of MDMA and MDE and its respective
isomers. Different concentrations of the respective isomers of MDMA and MDE let
us suggest an enantioselective metabolism for both MDMA and MDE.