Abstract:
Ion channels regulate a variety of mechanisms. They are involved in T cell activation, proliferation and apoptosis. The possibility to interfere with immunological events via ion channels has an impact on therapeutic strategies. Aim of the present work was to investigate the role of store-operated Ca2+-channels (CRAC) and chloride channels in T cell activation and apoptosis. Using Bcl-2 overexpressing Jurkat cells the underlying mechanism for CD95-induced block of capacitive Ca2+-entry was determined. CD95 stimulation inhibits CRAC in lymphocytes and thereby lymphocyte activation. Sphingosine and ceramide, released by activation of acidic sphingomyelinase, leads to a block of CRAC. CD95 inhibits capacitive Ca2+-entry by breakdown of DYm, leading to reduced mitochondrial Ca2+-uptake and autoinhibition of CRAC. The block of Ca2+-channels via CD95 and suppression of Ca2+-dependent lymphocyte activation signals represents a novel therapeutic target, e. g. immune suppression in transplantations.
Outwardly rectifying chloride channels (ORCC), which are involved in cell volume regulation, proliferation and apoptosis, were investigated in the second part. In addition, chloride channels play an important role in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF). Activation of volume-sensitive chloride channels is mediated by the tyrosine kinase p56lck. This mechanism is still intact in CF T cells and may represent an alternative anion conductance pathway in CF T cells where proteinkinase A-mediated activation is lacking. Furthermore, ORCC is involved in capacitive Ca2+-entry and Ca2+-dependent T cell activation signals by interfering with the plasma membrane potential. pH regulation, radiation-induced cell swelling and apoptosis involve regulation of ORCC.