Abstract:
The parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei expresses a variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), which protects it from lysis by host serum components. To study trypanosome-specific post-translational modifications of VSG, a cell-free system was produced by 'limited lysis' of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei. N-glycosidase F, Biotin-lysine-tRNAlys and specific anti-CRD antibodies were used successfully to demonstrate the existence of the N-glycans and the GPI anchor on newly formed VSG. Appearance of mfVSG by inhibition of endogenous GPI-PLC with ZnCl2 and labeling of VSG with UDP-[14C]galactose provided conclusive evidences for the linkage between in vitro translation and post-translational modification in our cell free system.
The transamidase mechanism of GPI anchoring was studied by culture of bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei in media containing hydrazine or biotinylated hydrazine. In the presence of hydrazine, newly formed VSG was not detected with anti-CRD antibodies and was not transferred to the cell surface efficiently; in the presence of biotinylated hydrazine, newly formed VSG was detected by streptavidin. Study of the transamidase in lysate using Ac-S-V-L-N-AMC showed also a transamidation reaction mechanism and a functionally sulfhydryl residue in the active centre.
TbGpi8 was cloned and expressed in E. coli. Like LmGpi8, TbGpi8 has no C-terminal hydrophobic region. Homology between Gpi8 and other Cys proteinases, such as caspases, pointed to Cys192 and His150 as potential active site residues. Enzyme activity assays using heterologously expressed TbGpi8 and Ac-S-V-L-N-AMC showed cleavage of the substrate, indicating that Gpi8p is indeed directly involved in the proteolytic removal of the GPI anchoring signal. Intracellular localization of the TbGpi8 within the Golgi apparatus was observed by using specific anti-TbGpi8 antibodies. Western blotting analysis demonstrated 3 protein bands of 37, 35 and 33 kDa.