Abstract:
Das cyclische tert-Butylcalix[4]arene (tBC4) is a cyclic molecule with a
hydrophobic cavity and hydrophilic groups at the lower rim. Intermolecular,
non-covalent binding interactions, e. g. van der Waals forces, contribute to
host-guest interactions that lead to the formation of supramolecular inclusion
complexes with small organic molecules such as toluene. Therefore, calixarenes
are very promising for sensor applications and serve as model substances for
endo-receptors in molecular recognition.
Aiming at the preparation of ordered monolayers of recognition structures, the
purpose of this thesis was to investigate the growth of thin tBC4 films on pure
or chemically modified gold and silicon surfaces. The films were prepared by
physical vapor deposition (PVD) and self-assembly (SAM) methods and
characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in ATR mode and IRAS,
by scanning force microscopy (SFM), UV and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
(UPS, XPS), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), ellipsometry, and contact
angle measurements.
ATR spectra of tBC4 films on a zinc selenide crystal show a pronounced
dichroism of TM and TE wave. This indicates an ordered growth of the molecules
with their principal axis (C4) oriented parallel to the surface normal.
SFM confirms an island growth (Vollmer-Weber type), i.e. a two-dimensional
ordering of tBC4 molecules on silicon surfaces.
A preferential orientation of the first tBC4 monolayer on methyl terminated
alkane thiol SAMs is due to interactions between phenol (tBC4) and methyl groups
(SAM), whereas no ordering was observed on hydrophilic SAMs. The thermal
desorption of tBC4 from methyl or OH terminated SAMs follows a first order
kinetic, with an activation energy of approx. 100 kJ/mole (T=401-408K). Only
for the OH terminated SAM, an additional desorption peak of constant area at
T=447K (approx. 112kJ/mole) indicates one tBC4 monolayer that is stronger bound
to th