Abstract:
This dissertation scrutinizes the development of human capital in the Iberian world. Although both, Latin America and Spain, have been the focus of new recent studies, empirical evidence is still scarce, especially for the Latin American and Caribbean region. Broad trends of long-term human capital development in the New World and in Spain therefore have remained unclear until now. The thesis therefore aims at filling in the void. It presents human capital estimates in the long run for the Iberian world. Human capital development can be traced back to the 17th century for a number of Latin American countries. For this purpose it uses two indicators of human capital, education and health. To measure education, the thesis employs the age heaping technique which calculates the share of people who were able to report their exact age rather than a rounded age, in population enumerations. This is an indicator of basic numeracy, which is a precondition for developing more advanced skills. Health is approximated by adult height, which gives information on the nutritional status and the disease environment during childhood.
The thesis comprises six chapters of which four manuscripts, partly co-authored, are intended for publication. To put the methodology applied in the papers in a broader context, chapter 2 gives a detailed overview of the age heaping methodology applied to approximate numerical abilities in Latin America and Spain. It presents the underlying concepts and ideas more thoroughly than it is possible in the methodology section of the papers. Chapters 3 and 4 examine general tendencies in the development of human capital in the Iberian world. Chapter 5 and 6 focus on more specific questions concerning its development in particular countries, namely Spain and Peru. These studies allow an in depth-study of the economic and social circumstances influencing human capital.