Abstract:
The topic of e-moderation has established itself as an independent subject area in the e-learning discourse. In research on the topic of e-moderation, the significance of an appropriate moderation for the success of net-based teaching and learning is emphasised repeatedly. In contrast to this assessment is the fact that only a small number of empirical studies in the field of e-moderation exist, in which different moderation approaches is examined. Nor has the formation of theories and models for this topic extended beyond the systemization of practical aspects until now. Therefore the objective of this study is to describe the different roles and functions adopted by e-moderation in the communication with its participants, and to differentiate e-moderation on the basis of empirical data based on a theoretical role and function model, as well as to operationalise it for empirical research. The starting point for the development of a theoretical role and function model is the detailed observation of the current research status on the topic of e-moderation. Following a rough differentiation between role-centred and process-centred approaches, the publications at hand on the topic of e-moderation are systemized into five categories (basic role models, expanded role models, models of instruction, timelines/process models and combined role and timeline models). Building on this, and by means of deductive-inductive content analyses of the communicative actions of four e-moderators in a six-month-long virtual seminar, categories for the roles and functions will be formulated or operationalised, with which different roles and functions can clearly be allocated precisely to these communicative actions of the e-moderators. In a second step, the distribution of roles and functions across the entirety of the communicative action will be determined and described with the help of qualitative evaluations. The result is a system of categorisation, which describes a role and function model of e-moderation on three levels of abstraction. On the first level of abstraction there are now four roles: (1) organizational-administrative role, (2) motivational-social role, (3) content expert role and (4) instructional role, each of which are also represented by many role characteristics (abstraction level 2) and indicators (abstraction level 3). In the online seminar surveyed, the content expert role appeared most frequently, followed in second place by the instructional role and in third place by the motivational-social role. The organizational-administrative role occurred least frequently. A Pareto analysis of the occurrence frequency of the role characteristics (on the second level of abstraction) shows that five role characteristics in total are found most often (knowledge-telling, applying comprehension and structuring aids, knowledge-evaluating, knowledge-weaving and managing learning and exchange processes). The third abstraction level of the model, in which the indicators are detailed, represents a very behaviour-based operationalisation, which can help to describe better certain individual phenomena, such as how e-moderators differ from each other and which moderation actions dominates in the role characteristics in a given e-learning setting.