Introduction: Two European Nations in Search of Participatory Democracy

Abstract

During the last three years, we were witnessing the breakdown of bureaucratic socialism and mostly successful revolutions in Central and Eastern Europe. Yet, the burdens of the past still have a strong impact in all spheres of life, most visibly in the economy and in the natural environment. Millions arc troubled by loosing their jobs and by increased social insecurity. There is a lack of normative orientation and positive life perspectives. Many creative forces in science and culture need to be revitalized. Last not least, the liberated nations have to (re)build democratic structures in politics and society.