Abstract:
Just as the term "new innovation", the title "Interest-oriented Youth Work" could be regarded as a tautology, since the question has to be raised whether youth work is not, per se, due to its central stakeholder, i.e. the youth, a socio-educational activity always oriented towards the interests of the youth. Although this prerequisite seems to be self-evident, the question on how exactly this is implemented in theory and practice in youth work remains largely unanswered.
The first part is to be understood as a theoretical approach to the question on whether youth work is oriented on the interests of the youth, where the interests are more precisely defined and their relation to the needs as well as the societal and developmental/psychological contexts is explained: Interests are understood as the satisfaction of basic needs, as defined by Erich Fromm, such as comfort, creativity, identity and orientation as well as, in the cross-section, the need for appreciation. They become more specific in the development tasks of the new definition of social relationships, the becoming a woman or a man, the development of perspectives as well as the getting along (in the world) against the background of individualized and pluralized social conditions. At first glance, these interests seem to be unspectacular: peer society, space, youth culture and participation. However, when looking at them more closely, they are interwoven in many ways, are a central aspect of adolescence and, therefore, a central part of youth work.
In the following, the prerequisite of the orientation on the youth’s interest is more closely considered in the framework of the theoretical history of youth work since the 60s. The theory approach published in 1964 under the question "What is youth work?" by C.W. Müller, Kentler, Mollenhauer and Giesecke is insofar an extensive resource as "sociability" is described as an essential framework of youth work and "fun" as an essential prerequisite. In contrast, the emancipatory, anti-capitalist and demand-oriented theory approaches developed in the 70s seem to – either open or hidden – stick to political interests. In the course of a further institutionalization, differentiation and professionalization of youth work, a de-idealization of youth work has taken place since the 80s with socio-spatial, subject-oriented and life-world-oriented theory approaches, which brings the interests of the girls and boys again into the center of youth work.
After this "trace-finding approach", the concept of an interest-oriented youth work is outlined against the background of life-world orientation, since the concept of life-world orientation comprehensively involves the subject-oriented and socio-spatial dimensions and since the interests of girls and boys can most notably be found in its structure maxims. The central concept components of an interest-oriented youth work can be summarized as follows: The total youth population as the target group, the youth’s interests as the central issue, participation and involvement of the youth in politics as the comprehensive operating principle as well as cooperation and networking for a youth-friendly community as the principal objective.
These concept components are examined in more detail on the practical example of youth promotion in Ludwigsburg with respect to the conflict between demand and reality in everyday life. In the second part, after a short presentation of the city as well as its adult and youth population, the concept development in the 90s is more closely considered, since this seems to be relevant for the further understanding of the current practice. Furthermore, the structural practice with its facilities and resources as well as its setting in the local administrative structures are outlined.
The third part focuses on the practice in real life based on what experts report on the implementation of the concept components of an interest-oriented youth work in everyday life. Following a description of the research concept, the introduction is made by two former teenage beneficiaries of the Ludwigsburg youth promotion program. They give their longitudinal recollection and insight into the diverse practice and the individual meanings and effects. Furthermore, the experts illustrate a detailed cross-section of the facets of an interest-oriented youth work in its diverse definitions along with any hidden "stumbling blocks."
In the concluding forth part a summary starting from the justification of an interest-oriented youth work over the central concept components to the implementation in practical youth promotion in Ludwigsburg is presented. At the end of the thesis, two annotations on the professionalism of an interest-oriented youth work are indicated.