Abstract:
In this dissertation, the ways in which German soldiers experienced their role as fathers in the Second World war, is examined using analysis of servicemen's letters sent by military post.
In the first part, the theoretical bases are set out. Servicemen's letters are understood as a medium for communication (especially on the marriage partnership but also on the children, their growing up and education) and personality development (especially with regard to the father's role). In this medium the inner dynamic ("Ambivalence") of relationships also finds expression (especially in the specific conditions of everyday life in the war). In order to be able to interpret the documents adequately, results from gender studies and also basic approaches and findings of research into fatherhood will additionally be presented.
The second part of the dissertation is devoted to the historical context, focusing principally on the social and politico-ideological framework of conditions of family life and education. Given the life history and life situation of the authors of the letters from the front, the historical context spans the empire of Kaiser Wilhelm and the Weimar Republic, as well as the "Third Reich". With regard to National Socialism, the focus is especially on the "Community of the People" and its normative bases, "Transformational Morality" and corresponding guiding principles for education, family and sexuality.
The third part of the dissertation is devoted to evaluation of the selected wide ranging material in the letters. Essential in this are the topics and criteria which have proved to be relevant in the foregoing parts, but also those questions and problems to which the writers of the letters attributed meaning. It emerges that the views expressed by the letter writers on matters of education, which receives by far the most attention, can only be adequately interpreted if we view them in their context of various aspects of everyday reality, the way the letter writers imagined the world to be, and the conditions of the socio-historical context. Thus for example, descriptions of everyday features of war are variously set out along with ideas and opinions of the letter writers on sexuality and the desire for children, statements about the experience of pregnancy and birth and coping with separation from the family, ideas about the meaning of their lives and deeds in the area of tension between "fighting for the fatherland" and fighting "for wife and children", along with ideas about killing in the war and the possibility of their own deaths. Of special interest on the subject of education are the statements to kindergartens and schools and views about how and where fathers fit into the activity of education, and also ideas on the various aspects of education and the "tool" with which they thought they would achieve this, together with their wives but also on their own responsibility. In the last chapter, the letter writers' ideas of their own and their children's futures are described. they move around the area of tension between "a bit of luck" with their families and the "Final Victory" as a condition for advancement, welfare and "settling in the East".
Overall, the dissertation demonstrates that letters from servicemen may be seen as fertile source material in the historiography of educational science.