Abstract:
There are 1.998.534 Turkish people living in Germany (Beauftragte der Bundesregierung für Ausländerfrage, 2002). According to Educational Department of Turkish Embassy in Berlin (2001), it is indicated that 517 552 Turkish students are attending to preschools, elementary schools, special education schools, and vocational schools. The most common problems of Turkish children, living as an immigrant, are feeling of insecurity, shyness, sociability, need for affection and feeling of loneliness (Charbit, 1977). Those children are more likely to be placed in the lowest track of that system, the Hauptschulen, and to leave it with its least valuable credential, a Hauptschule diploma without an apprenticeship. (Alba et al., 1994). It is also indicated that parenting style (Maccoby & Martin, 1983; Baumrind, 1991; Kagan & Moss, 1962; Palacios, 1991) and the parental education (Attili, 1989; Roopnarine, 1987; Maccoby & Martin, 1983; Baumrind, 1991; Weiss & Schwarz, 1996; Miller et al., 1993) have affect on the education of the children and the self-concept of the children.
Therefore, this comparative research aimed to investigate the self-concept levels of Turkish, German, mixed national background (Turkish-German) and foreign children and their school performance; and whether the family environment and the socio-economic status of the parents has an effect on their self-concepts and their school performance. Moreover, some demographic information about the children of migrant Turkish workers is gathered and some of them are analysed in relation with their self-concept levels and their school performance.
Sample of this study consisted of 9-11 age group 4th grade elementary school students and 14-17 age group 8th und 9th grade “Hauptschule”, high school students in Karlsruhe, and it is divided into four groups: Turkish children, German children, mixed national background children and foreign children, whose parents are from different nationalities. The population of the study was 469 students: 99 of them are Turkish, 180 of them are German, 72 of them are mixed national background with Turkish or German mother or father, and 113 of them are foreigner.
As an instrument, Piers-Harris Self-concept Scale was applied to the students in each class in order to gather data about their self-concept levels. Moreover, Schneewind family environment scale was applied. Then, the demographic questionnaire was used to get a profile of Turkish and German students, and to learn the thoughts of those students about their parents, teachers and peers. Although most of the teachers stated as the Turkish children have lower performance in school performances, results indicated that Turkish, German and foreign students are very similar in school performances, family environment and self-concept levels.