Abstract:
Various Latin American countries have adopted gender quota laws during the past years in an effort to target the deficit in women´s political representation. Although Chile is one of the most stables countries in the region, the number of women in political positions is far behind the regional average. Since Chile’s first female president, Michelle Bachelet, seized power at the beginning of 2006, gender issues have been booming in Chile. The main difficulties of Chilean women in entering the formal political sphere lie in the binominal electoral system, candidate selection procedures of the parties, the liberal citizenship model and the low participation of women in labor life. Through the examination of these institutional settings and discoursal context, I explore the possibilities for adopting a gender quota law in Chile in this dissertation. The highest barrier for gender quotas is posed by the binominal nature of the electoral system, which makes the application of quotas within this system problematic. Further restrictions are posed by the political ideology and the positioning of party elites of mainly right-wing parties towards gender quotas. The reform of the Chilean electoral system is a necessary condition for the quota adoption. On the discoursal level the adoption of the gender quotas depends on the outcome of political negotiations over the electoral reform and the positioning of different actors towards quotas.