Abstract:
Today's pupils, to whom we leave today's global problems, cannot solve them without fundamental scientific knowledge. Learning in Germany often means learning for good marks and not sustainable for ever and for application of knowledge. "To Learn sustainable in order to be able to act sustainable", this is the headline of my doctoral thesis.
At first I point out some differences between the German school system and those of successful PISA countries as well as the situation in developing countries.
Secondly the most recent point of discussion among experts of teaching sciences will be developed. My central questions are: "Which abilities should science teaching promote? At what age should science teaching start? Is it better to teach chemistry, biology and physics as isolated subjects or to stress on an integrated way for all of them? How to gain acceptance with pupils for sciences? How to improve efficiency in lessons? How to improve initial and further teacher training?"
Thirdly I have collected some statements of non-experts: critical scientists, experts for global learning, people of today's information society, representatives of trade unions, feminists, neurobiologists.
In the first main part of the doctoral thesis I use chemistry teaching in order to show how permanent, often called sustainable knowledge can be produced. I begin with "phenomenon of nature" in 5th grade and I continue with a detailed discussion of the normal chemistry teaching in secondary schools. Criticism and proposals for improvement are the main target. I add the fascinating sides of chemistry science, the aspects of pure science are reduced. The selective demands are minimized, comprehension by all pupils is the aim.
My criticism is: the chemistry teaching begins too late. The teachers see themselves as scientists. The subject is difficult. It is boring. The chemical subjects are far away from reality. Learning skills have not been developed, yet.
I finish this main part with a proposal for a basic curriculum, containing fundamental items like model for particles, energy, quantitative relations, environmental problems and their stress on human beings and networks on interdisciplinarily scientific teaching.
In an interim statement I compare the proposals of my first main part to the statements of the six experts. Consent, differences and open questions are noted. I regarded the non-experts statements and their relevance to chemical and scientific subject likewise. The result of this survey is that the normal school subject chemistry is insufficient, because it does not prepare pupils for global learning. This result gives me more points to discuss in the second main part of my doctoral thesis.
This part consists of five imperatives on the teaching of natural sciences. It is documented, analysed and evaluated concerning "global acting" by about 50 lesson outlines, projects, study teams and teacher training courses. With 25 examples the largest chapter and the most important one is "Global topics in scientific subjects should be taught from 5th grade upwards". Its subtitles are: North-South-Divide. Protection of the earth's atmosphere. Quality of water. Protection of species. Children and youth protection, Human rights." The next topics are: "How to handle complexity. Manage the facts flood. Self organized learning - creatively, joyfully and effectively. Teaching - learning - educating - acting authentically."
Once more I sum up and look at open questions from a female point of view: "Reduce hierarchies. Reflect on the view of human beings. Accept feelings while thinking. Reflect on the pretension of objectivity."