Abstract:
Modern quality management systems aim simultaneously at the optimization of treatment outcome and an enhancement of the cost-effectiveness of psychotherapy. To reach these aims the systems monitor patients’ symptom courses and give feedback on symptom status and changes over time to therapists.
Based on the Stuttgart-Heidelberg model the present study aimed at the development, implementation and evaluation of a quality management system for inpatient psychotherapy. Special attention was given to the acceptance of the system by therapists as well as to the effects of feedback on treatment outcome and treatment duration.
The system was implemented in four consecutive phases (phase 1: baseline, phase 2: feedback on therapy outcome, phase 3: feedback on early response / nonresponse during therapy, phase 4: feedback of phase 3 plus recommendation on treatment duration). Between Jan 2000 and Dec 2003 data from 704 patients who were treated in the Sonnenberg Klinik in Stuttgart were assessed. Feedback was given at regular intervals at the different wards of the hospital. In the time between these quality circles, feedback was given to therapists in written form.
The results show that the feedback is well accepted by the therapeutic teams. The expected positive effects on treatment outcome could not be confirmed however. Patients in the different feedback groups didn’t benefit more from treatment than those in the control groups (no feedback). Concerning treatment duration, an effect of feedback was found: The inpatient stay of patients in the feedback condition in phase 4 was 22 days shorter on average than that of the control group. Furthermore, in the feedback group, impairment after the first month of treatment was significantly related to duration of treatment, with patients reporting more distress being treated longer.
The results indicate that feedback during treatment can lead to a stronger consideration of the individual need for treatment and to an enhancement of treatment efficiency. Hence the results have important implications for patients as well as for therapists, and health insurance companies.