Abstract:
In the therapy of chronic tinnitus a number of psychological, cognitive-behavioral programs have been established and proven to be effective. In addition to these programs, the so-called „Tinnitus-Retraining-Therapy“ (TRT) which is said to be a new and very effective kind of habituation therapy, has become widespread during the last few years. In this study elements of cognitive-behavioral therapy and TRT have been combined to provide different group treatments for different target populations of patients depending on the degree of tinnitus distress. In addition, half of the subjects in each treatment received sound therapy by behind-the-ear broadband noise generators to examine a possible therapeutic effect of additional auditory stimulation. Up to now, the patients have been examined three times: before treatment, directly after treatment and six months later. The results show the effectiveness of both treatments, even when compared with two other well established programs, one for in-patients and one for out-patients. Two reasons for the good effects of the treatments are discussed: the especially designed programs for the two specific populations (low and high degree of tinnitus-related distress) and the intense education of the patients. In the educational parts of the programs the neurophysiological model of tinnitus is used. This model derives from the theory behind TRT. Absolutely no effect of sound therapy can be shown. Even if there might be one in the long run it has to be quite significant to justify the costs and efforts for the patients. Besides these results, the study provides a short introduction into the different approaches in research and therapy of chronic tinnitus.