Abstract:
The study explains in detail the development of the educational and cultural work of the 'Volkshochschule Thüringen' between 1919 and 1933. In February 1919 it was founded as a nonprofit society. In 1933 it was transformed and then called 'Deutsche Heimatschule Thüringen'.
The study presents ideas, programmes, organisational structure as well as the actual educational work with adults of the 'Volkshochschule Thüringen'. In the focus of attention are evening institutions ('Volkshochschulen') in cities as well in rural areas. Residential institutions ('Heimvolkshochschulen') – mainly the work of Dreißigacker and Jena – are also reviewed. Their work can be characterised as 'free', i.e. politically independent. It therefore contrasted other forms of adult education in Thuringia which can be described as socialist, conservative or even nationalistic.
The study makes extensive use of documents and archive records in order to unfold the underlying political history of the time which strongly influenced the history of adult education. Starting in 1930 the NSDAP took over the Departments of the Interior and Adult Education in Thuringia. Their representatives gradually infiltrated the democratic mission of the 'Thüringer Volkshochschule'.
The second part of the study presents the actual educational and cultural work of the 'Volkshochschule Thüringen'. This concerned music, dance, and theatre, culminating in a custom of celebrations and festivities at the Volkshochschule. Attention is also given to educational activities aiming at the special needs of women, young adults or workers.
Finally, the link between education and social welfare will be discussed. The attention adult educators in Thuringia paid to social welfare and education of unemployed people, prisoners and convalescents of health resorts is a special feature of adult education in Thuringia and of the 'Volkshochschule Thüringen'.