Abstract:
It is remarkable that art history has paid little attention to the silhouette as an art form. Silhouettes have been cherished only as family likenesses or ‘tolerated’ as decorative items, all-purpose as illustrations without content, spared from comprehensive scientific art historical analysis, in short: as a pleasant but secondary product of arts and crafts.
In fact, the silhouette and its corollary, the contour, are not only two essential forms of papercutting, moreover they held a key role in late-eighteenth-century art. The meaning in the European history of art becomes evident when thinking of John Flaxman’s contour drawings of Homer (1793), Aischylos (1795) and Dante (1802) and of the famous Wedgwood ceramics with their white figures on blue ground. These art forms conquered the hearts of European art lovers by storm.
The rediscovery of Greek vase paintings during Classicism and art theoretical attempts to detect the origin of painting to the tracing of the human shadow have their reference point in the practical aesthetic of the silhouette technique. In doing silhouettes the upper middle class found a favourite occupation. In 18th century salons the bourgeoisie was entertained with house music, reading circles and by doing silhouettes. Therefore, it is no surprise, that during that time mechanical tools were developed to make the creation of silhouettes easier for professionals and amateurs, alike. The silhouette was highly fashionable of the time.
The German silhouettist Luise Duttenhofer (1776-1829) did not only find a nice leisure activity in taking profiles. Scissors and paper became her “artistic tools”. The inventiveness and artistic ability in her cut outs led her to become the most important silhouettist in Germany even during her lifetime. Goethe, Schiller, Jean Paul and other leading German intellectuals were part of her circle of friends.
Her unique oeuvre, regarding quantity as well as quality, is kept mainly at the famous Schiller National Museum/German Literature Archive (Schiller Nationalmuseum/Deutsches Literaturarchiv) Marbach am Neckar, Germany. These cut outs – about 1.500 – are concerned with a multifacetted range of topics and offer a remarkable source for research into the cultural history in Germany around 1800. The dissertation introduces the forgotten and hither to unknown silhouettes to the general public for the first time ever. The fragile paper objects are of inestimable historical value an outstanding treasure of the museum and moreover art works of national importance.