Abstract:
In spite of seminal works on Harmoniemusik (music for wind ensembles in the 18th and 19th centuries) since the 1970s, there are still a lack of suitable published material and studies on many places or courts of central Europe where Harmoniemusik was cultivated.
In this spirit, the present dissertation attempts to make a contribution to the existing literature on Harmoniemusik in central Europe through an examination of the conditions at the Court of Donaueschingen. The purpose of this study is to examine the contents of Harmoniemusik preserved at the Court in terms of the historical significance of its repertoire, as well as to examine – primarily with the help of the holdings of the Donaueschingen Fuerstenberg Archives – the musical-sociological framework within which Harmoniemusik in the 18th and 19th centuries was practiced in Donaueschingen as part of the music of the Court.
Through an analysis according to composers and arrangers, scorings, genres, etc., the entire repertoire is examined, and the works preserved have been compiled in a section of this dissertation in the form of a catalogue.
The music collection of the House of Fuerstenberg was acquired in 1999 by the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and since then has been preserved in the Badische Landesbibliothek in Karlsruhe. The outstanding inventory of Harmoniemusik preserved in this collection is among the most extensive and well-preserved collections in existence; measured by the number of works which have survived (ca. 230), it exceeds, for example, the comparable holdings of the Bavarian State Library Munich or the Austrian National Library Vienna.
The preponderance of works preserved among the archives of Harmoniemusik at Donaueschingen are concentrated in the final two decades of the 18th century. However, closer examination has revealed two unexpected aspects: First of all, a study of the sources has shown the necessity for a broader investigation of 18th century Court music at Donaueschingen in general, since in spite of a number of published surveys, its more recent circumstances, as well as its beginnings remain, for the most part, in the shadows. The Princes of Fuerstenberg maintained their own court orchestra in Donaueschingen between 1762 and 1865. As research for the present study shows, there were already foreign musicians in the first half of the 18th century, but especially the musicians stationed in the regiment at Donaueschingen (“Hautboisten”) recruited to play music at the Court.
The most surprising aspect of this study resulted from an examination of documents from the 19th century found in the Fuerstenberg Archive. The extensive activities of a Harmoniemusik ensemble under the direction of the Court musician Johann Rinsler during the time from about 1840 until Rinsler’s death in 1863 were made clear, above all, through a total of five catalogues listing over 400 arrangements for the “Harmonie-Verein der Fuerstlichen Hofkapelle”. While most of the private orchestras of the nobility were dissolved during the first two decades of the 19th century or were absorbed into larger military and wind bands, Harmoniemusik continued to play an important role in the Court music of Donaueschingen; after 1850 the Harmonie-Verein was, at times, the most important official music ensemble at the Court.
At the conclusion of the present work the practice of Harmoniemusik in Donaueschingen is placed in the context of other princely courts. On the one hand the ties, common ground, and differences to the locations geographically closest to Donaueschingen (Wallerstein, Regensburg) are emphasized, while on the other hand the Fuerstenberg Harmoniemusik is compared to that of the Danube monarchy; here, especially, the musically influential city of Vienna stands in the center, as well as Prague, on account of the dynastic connection between the House of Fuerstenberg and Bohemia. For the later period of Harmoniemusik (after ca. 1840), with the aid of previous research, attention is turned to the few courts in which music for wind ensembles was still practiced at all (e. g., Rudolstadt and Detmold).