Abstract:
In this dissertation, I investigate the context dependence in the interpretation of two particular linguistic phenomena: 'how many' questions in English and French, and subjunctives in Spanish. For the context dependence of 'how many' questions, I provide psycholinguistic evidence from three psycholinguistic studies: I examine 'how many' questions that display a scope ambiguity and test which interpretation is preferred when participants are presented a question preceded by a context that allows for both possibilities. To account for the results, I elaborate a model of on-line semantic processing compatible with current semantic theories, in which context plays a crucial role. This context dependence calls for a revision of current assumptions on the semantics of 'how many' questions. For the subjunctive mood in Spanish, I propose a new analysis that is based on a semantics of comparison. The main generalization proposed here is the following: in Spanish, a predicate selects the subjunctive mood in its embedded proposition if the proposition is compared to its contextual alternatives on a scale introduced by the predicate. In this proposal, predicates that select the subjunctive mood are analyzed as gradable predicates, and the subjunctive mood morpheme is claimed to make a semantic contribution, namely to evaluate the contextual alternatives that are compared by the predicate. New empirical evidence is provided for two crucial properties of the predicates that select the subjunctive mood, which follow directly from this analysis: these predicates are focus sensitive and they are gradable. In the vast literature on mood, the link between the appearance of the subjunctive mood and these important properties has never been made before.