Abstract:
Platelets play a vital role in haemostasis, inflammatory reaction and tissue regeneration. It has been reported that platelets interact with progenitor cells (CD34-positive cells) in vitro. This interaction has an impact on mobilization, chemotaxis and function of progenitor cells.
In the current study, we evaluated the number of circulating progenitor cells and their direct interaction with platelets in 278 patients using flow cytometry (FACS). These patients were diagnosed with stable angina (SA) or acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Finally, the measured results were analysed with the corresponding patient data.
Our findings show that the number of CD34-positive circulating progenitor cells are significantly higher in patients with ACS than in patients with SA. For the first time, we were able to identify a type of cells, in patients with coronary heart disease, which were antigen-reactive for progenitor-cell-specific CD34 and platelet-specific CD42b. Therefore, these cells have to be coaggregations of circulating progenitor cells and platelets.
Within the total population of CD34-positive cells, the percentage share of CD34/CD42b-positive coaggregates is significantly higher in patients with ACS than in patients with SA (%CD34/CD42b-positive: median (interquartile range, IQR): SA: 7,42 (8,19); IA: 16,45 (14,3); NSTEMI: 16,28 (15,23); STEMI: 25,43 (28,2); P<0,001). Independent of cardiovascular risk factors, the number of CD34-positive progenitor cells were higher in patients with ACS. A correlation was observed between the extent of myocardial infarction (troponin-I max; r=0,326 P<0,001), inflammation (C-reaktive protein; r=0,200 P=0,002) and platelet-activation (expression platelet-bound P-selectin and SDF-1; P-selectin: r=0,283 P<0,001; SDF-1: r=0,357 P<0,001).
In conclusion, platelets interact with circulating progenitor cells in patients with coronary heart disease and may build coaggregates. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are required, in order to answer the question if this may be interpreted as a repair mechanism.