Abstract:
The Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring (GzVeN), which became effective on January 1st, 1934, led to the compulsory sterilization of an estimated 350,000 to 400,000 people. This dissertation is part of a larger project and is concerned with processing and documenting the assessment practice at the University Psychiatric Clinic of Tübingen in the year 1941 in order to obtain more detailed information on the extent of the implementation of the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring. First, the medical records containing sterilization reports were identified in the University archive. These reports were subsequently subjected to a simple statistical evaluation and then compared to assessments on other questions.
The present study indicated that the majority of surveyed patients was in accordance with the requirements of the law considering reproductive age and confirmed the authorities’ early intervention in order to prevent unwanted offspring. The analysis of the patients’ social classes suggested an illegal, socially motivated selection of potential candidates from the lower social classes which, however, could not be confirmed in individual cases. Furthermore, it was shown that in 1941 exclusively Christians were examined, possibly due to the banishment of Jews from Tübingen as well as the prohibition of their sterilization in anticipation of the imminent Holocaust.
The comparison of these results with the findings in the other dissertations in this project confirmed the Nazis’ specific racism against women: compared to men, women were as a percentage more frequently assessed on the sterilization demand, their examiners used the faster method of forms more often and their sterilization was more regularly endorsed. However, a decline in the number of sterilizations recommended in 1941 was revealed compared to the entire period from 1934 to 1941. Furthermore, congenital feeblemindedness, hereditary epilepsy and schizophrenia were confirmed as the most frequent diagnoses and it was verified that a decrease in the total number of completed medical sterilization reports was due to the beginning of the euthanasia campaigns against the terminally ill, the issue of the regulation on the restriction of sterilizations to urgent cases and the outbreak of the war.