Abstract:
Acute complications and sequelae of cardiac diseases increase most significantly the morbidity of elderly and are a major financial burden on the health system.
Scar formation after myocardial infarction results in chronic heart failure. So far, there are no efficient methods available to regenerate myocardial tissue after hypoxic damage. Tissue engineering and stem cell research may be a promising therapy for permanent tissue defects. Particularly, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from the bone-marrow (BM) or from other tissues could be attractive candidates for cellular therapy of myocardial infarction because of their easy isolation und their potency to promote cardiomyogenic regeneration.
In previous studies, different methods for in vitro and in vivo cardiomyogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs were described. In detail, the effects of transplanted undifferentiated MSCs and in vitro pre-differentiated MSCs were investigated. Over all, the published data are inconsistent: On the one hand, some studies showed that BM-MSCs were not able to differentiate in functional cardiomyocytes but express cardiomyocyte-specific markers on mRNA and protein level but lacked of contractile elements and were not capable of electrophysiological integration. On the other hand, other studies reported on cardiomyogenic differentiation including the presence of contractive movements of rat BM-MSCs.
In this study, the differentiation potential and growth potential of human (h) BM-MSCs were analyzed focusing on the performance of preclinical in situ tissue engineering.
We compared the expression of proteins regarded as specific for the cardiomyogenic lineage after exposure to six cardiomyogenic differentiation media in vitro (Troponin I, artrial natriuretic peptide, alpha sarcomeric actin and slow muscle myosin). Moreover, the growth rates as functions of the passages numbers were analyzed and correlated to the differentiation potential.
In summary, the different cardiomyogenic differentiation protocols showed variable effects on the hBM-MSCs. An obvious increase of expression of cardiomyogenic markers could not be detected. Notably, hBM-MSCs that were not treated with differentiation media but only with standard culture media did also express the markers proteins. We hypothesize that either the cardiomyogenic differentiation potential of BM-MSCs is negligible or that the investigated “cardiomyogenic marker proteins” are not indicative for cardiomyogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs.