Abstract:
BACKGROUND
Osteoarthrosis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative alterations in higher ages. A standard therapy is the implantation of a knee arthroplasty. Within this procedure, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) usually gets resected. The ACL is important for knee-joint stability and kinematics. For combined medial and retropatellar OA an ACL-retaining, bicompartmental joint replacement is also available. But so far, there is no in-vitro data published that describes knee kinematics after implanting this type of knee-system. In addition, the biomechanical function of the ACL after implantation is not totally understood. The aim of this experimental study is to determine the kinematics of an ACL-retaining, bicompartmental knee system with applied forces. Passive knee-joint stability after implantation is tested as well.
METHODS
A dynamic knee-simulator and an industrial robotic manipulator were established to evaluate the kinematics after implantation under standardized conditions. To quantify the function after implanting the knee-joint replacement, the ACL was cut semi-arthroscopically. A supersonic motion-capturing system recorded the tibiofemoral rotational and translational movements from 14 human knee specimens. The measurements were performed in native conditions, after implanting the prosthesis and after resecting the ACL. A squatting exercise with muscle loads and passive knee-joint stability tests without forces were conducted.
RESULTS
The tibial translation after implantation of the prosthesis is equal to native conditions with applied forces. Short alterations in rotational behaviour are only seen in middle flexion angles. Resecting the ACL, leads to significant anterior tibial translation. Passive knee-joint stability after implanting the prosthesis corresponds to the native condition. Resecting the ACL alters the anterior tibial translation and varus rotation significantly. Internal rotation is not influenced so far.
CONCLUSION
An ACL-retaining, bicompartmental knee prosthesis preserves physiologic kinematics during a simulated squatting exercise with muscle loads. Further results show that an intact ACL retains passive knee-joint stability and protects the knee against unphysiologic burdens. The investigated joint replacement is therefore a proper therapeutical option for medial and retropatellar OA with an intact ACL.