Abstract:
In this study the possibilities of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the differentiation between benign and malignant lesions in lymph nodes, pancreas and spleen are being analysed. The aim is to explore which criteria in B-mode ultrasound as well as contrast- enhanced ultrasound can aid the characterisation of focal lymph node, pancreas and spleen lesions.
In a prospective study we investigated 36 lymph nodes in 25 patients (27 male, 9 female, mean age 59±29 years), 16 pancreas lesions in 16 patients (9 male, 7 female, mean age 59±16 years), and 35 focal spleen lesions in 35 patients (25 male, 11 female, mean age 54±15).
The clinical investigation consisted of native b-mode ultrasound of the lymph node, pancreas or spleen lesion in question, followed by intravenous injection of 1,2-2,4 ml SonoVue® and contrast-enhanced ultrasound for 4 minutes with the „low- MI“- option using the „CPS- Software“, a specific contrast-agent-software.
The final diagnosis was secured by histological analysis of the intra operative tissue as well as biopsy material or, finally, by an unambiguous clinical course.
We were able to show, that in the group of lymph nodes with an LT- ratio >2 90% were benign and 10% malignant (p- value < 0,01, sensitivity = 65,4%; specificity= 90%; positive predictive value=94%; negative predictive value=50%).
Of the Lymph nodes with a contrast enhancement with cut- outs > 50-100% of the total lymph node size 0% (0 of 4) were benign and 100% (4 of 4) malignant lesions (p-value >0,05; sensitivity=0,22; specificity= 1,0; positive predictive value=0,11; negative predictive value=0,89).
A contrast enhancement with cut- outs could be found in 25% (1 of 4) of the benign pancreatic lesions and in 75% (3 of 4) of the malignant pancreas lesions (p- value >0,05, sensitivity = 0,27; specificity= 0,8; positive predictive value=0,25; negative predictive value=0,75).
Looking at the group of spleen lesions we were able to show that the homogeneous inhomogeneous or hypervascular contrast-enhancement in the early phase, followed by a fast wash out and clear demarcation after 60 seconds was present in 71% (10 of 14) of the malignant spleen lesions, but only in 5% (1 of 21) of the benign spleen lesions (p-value<0,01, sensitivity =0.71; specificity=0.95; positive predictive value=0.91; negative predictive value=0,83).
The combination of no contrast enhancement in the early as well as the parenchymal phase (60 and 120-180 seconds) were typical for benign spleen lesions, for example cysts, ischemic lesions and abscesses (p-value<0,01, sensitivity=0.81; specificity=0,71; positive predictive value=0,81; negative predictive value=0,71).
The finding of contrast enhancement in the early phase was suspicious for malignant spleen lesions, because 81% (17 of 21) of the benign lesions remained hypoechoic even in the early phase, while only 29% (4 of 14) of the malignant spleen lesions were hypoechoic in the early phase (p-value<0,05, Sensitivity=0,71; specificity=0,76; positive predictive value=0,67; negative predictive value=0,8).
The results of this study show, that contrast- enhanced ultrasound may be helpful in the differentiation between benign and malignant lesions of the spleen and lymph nodes.