Abstract:
Acetaminophen is a widely used antpyretic and analgesic, of which a hepatotoxicity in case of excessive ingestion is known, which can lead to acute liver failure (ALF) and if the worst comes to the worst, to death. Despite every effort it was not possible to explain the correlation of the toxicity so far, which complicates a reliable prognosis of the course of the disease in case of overdose. Significant for this is the lack of a sufficient large animal model, which allows to compare the disease pattern and treatment with the clinical situation, as well as giving an insight into the initiation of the toxicity. On that account there was the attempt to develop a convincing animal model regarding Acetaminophen-induced ALF, in order to clinically examine the artificial liver replacement systems (LRS) concerning their relevance.
For the establishment of an animal model, an ALF was induced in 28 pigs by giving them an initial bolus of acetaminophen, followed by an hourly conservation dose undergoing a maximum ICU treatment. After the induction of ALF at the block randomized trial animals, the analysis of the different dialysis processes, according to the affiliation of the study group, was started. The vital and blood parameters were recorded and determined at any time and wedge biopsies were extracted regularly.
Within this thesis the establishment of a sufficient large animal model of acetaminophen-induced ALF in pigs succeeded, which showed reproducible results for liver injury and duration of liver failure.
However, the LRS, which were tested in this trial, only showed minor therapeutic success. While, compared to the control group, the animals getting the MARS- Variation A- therapy showed a considerably shorter survival term, there was no negative effect on the general condition observable in the MARS- Variation B- group. Due to the fact that there was no positive trend either, the benefit and also the employment of this therapy method have to be scruntinized critically. The MARS- Variation C- therapy takes an exceptional position though. It showed a remarkable survival benefit, but because of the combination of the therapy with N- Acetyl- Cystein (NAC) this benefit can not explicitly be attributed to the dialysis system. Therefore it is recommendable to examine this therapy again for its contribution to the state of health.
The analysis of the liver biopsies concerning the Glutathion (GLU) concentration showed first and foremost a drastic depletion after intoxication. Only in the MARS- Variation C- group a considerable recovery of GLU was registered from the 2. Post-operative day, which presumably is to put down to the application of NAC. This circumstance emphasizes the special position of the MARS- Variation C- therapy and confirms the necessity of a separate verification of this dialysis system.
In conclusion, this large animal model not only offers the potential of gaining a new insight and a better understanding of the acetaminophen- intoxication in future, but also allows a significant examination of innovative LRS in a situation comparable to the clinic. A more intensive research of the ALF permits the development of improved therapeutic approaches and contributes to get closer to the aim of a curative treatment of this disease, without needing an organ transplant.