Abstract:
Background and purpose: Mutations of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2) are the most common known genetic cause of dominantly inherited Parkinson’s disease (PD), followed by alterations in the alpha-synuclein gene. The expression of these two central PD related genes in human peripheral blood was waiting to be analyzed, mainly regarding the ongoing attempt to establish an accessible and reliable biomarker for PD and to learn more about the physiological functions and possible interplay of LRRK2 and alpha-synuclein.
Methods: The gene expression of LRRK2 and alpha-synuclein in relation to the housekeeping gene hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) was analyzed in human whole blood, using quantitative real time RT-PCR. The cohort of in total 33 subjects consisted of 20 PD cases (year of birth 1945 ± 10 years), thereof 8 LRRK2 mutation carriers and 13 controls (neurologically normal, year of birth 1948 ± 13 years), thereof 3 asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers. Following pathogenic LRRK2 mutations were included: G2019S, I2020T, R793M, N1437S, R1441C. A second collection of LRRK2 and alpha-synuclein expression data was carried out several months later, using blood samples withdrawn again from 5 randomly chosen subjects of the whole cohort.
Results: The relative gene expression of LRRK2 and alpha-synuclein showed to be reciprocally proportional to each other in each individual. This constellation was found in the whole cohort. Which one of the two values in each case turned out to be the higher or lower one did not correlate with any of the subjects’ genetic or clinical characteristics. At the second collection of expression data several months later, this relation was confirmed in 4 of the 5 subjects, only in one of them the relation of the two values had turned vice versa. A significant correlation of the expression data of LRRK2 or alpha-synuclein with disease presence, duration of disease or presence of pathogenic LRRK2 mutations was not found.
Conclusion: The results of our study strongly suggest a co regulation of the two dominant PD genes LRRK2 and alpha-synuclein, although the exact constitutions of this interaction still require further investigation.