Abstract:
Until now, there is only less information for smell and taste in combination with fasting concerning the current state of research in chemosensitivity.
The basic research study ‘Fastenstudie 2008’ was performed on healthy female subjects at the department of psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy of the medical university hospital of Tübingen. This monocentric, experimental controlled pilot study investigates the effects of 48 hours lasting complete abstinence of food on psychic conditions, different bodily functions and performance. This dissertation focuses on the changes of smell and taste during fasting.
16 healthy, young (18 to 28 years), normal weight (BMI 19 to 25 kg/m²) female subjects were examined. Within three days each subject was investigated three times (baseline – after 24 hours – after 48 hours). Only the consumption of water and unsweetened tea was permitted during the whole study.
The measurements were performed under standardized conditions in a laboratory of the department of psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy in Tübingen. For determining a score to quantify odor threshold, discrimination, identification and general smell, the clinical validated ‘Sniffin’ Sticks®’ were used in each test. Furthermore, the identification thresholds of the different taste qualities sweet, sour, salty and bitter were determined and a total score of taste was generated by using the ‘Taste Strips®’, which are clinical validated, too.
Analysis was performed in using ANOVAs and t-tests, which were calculated by the help of the well-established statistics program SPSS®.
There were no statistical significant changes concerning neither the results of smell nor the results of the taste qualities sweet, sour and salty during the 48 hours lasting abstinence of food. However, the identification threshold of the taste quality bitter has significantly improved during the fasting period. The identification thresholds of the taste quality bitter were dependent on age, BMI and hormonal contraception.
Regarding the results of this dissertation and the current state of research we conclude that complete abstinence of food in a period of 48 hours clearly influences the identification threshold of the taste quality bitter. This influence varies with regard to age, BMI and hormonal contraception.
To confirm and to expand these findings in the future, it is necessary to design bigger and longer follow-up studies firstly continuing on healthy subjects. Having a better understanding about the physiological processes, it will be possible to explain the pathogenetic mechanisms of eating disorders.