Abstract:
Purpose: In the treatment of liver tumors minimally invasive therapies increasingly to the fore. The most commonly used methods include radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The current RF ablation systems are monopolar, bipolar or multipolar, and also differ in the cooling systems. These are open or closed fluid perfused to achieve an increase in the length of the short axis of the ablation zone. On the basis of ex vivo bovine liver experiments, a hybrid system of internally CO2-cooled bipolar cryo RF applicator is characterized, particularly with regard to the results for the short axis.
Materials and Methods: During the bovine liver various combinations of power, gas pressure and ablation time are evaluated. The ablation time was between 5min, 10min, 15min and 20min. The gas pressure varied between 500psi, 525psi, 550psi, 575psi and 600psi. The power was changed in the range of 20 to 50 watts. The resulting ablation zones were measured; these values were recorded as long and short axis. The shape factor is the result of the ratio of long axis and short axis [= sf (a) / (b); (a) = long axis (b) = short axis], which gives information about the shape of the ablation. If the shape factor = 1, the ablation zone is spherical.
Results:
Out of the combinations above, the ablation time of 15 minutes shows the best results, while at the same time also being a clinically acceptable treatment time. A homogeneous ablation zone with a maximum short-axis length of 44-38 mm is achieved with the combination 600 psi and 46-50 watts or 550 psi and 42-44 watts. The shape factor was 1.3 in these settings.
Conclusions:
(1) Ex vivo coagulation combined with RF technology and cryogenic cooling are possible.
(2) The gas cooling leads to a prolonged application time and a higher energy input and thus to larger ablation zones.
(3) Choosing the right parameters is crucial in this system (risk of over-cooling versus carbonization on the other side).