Abstract:
Cellular hypoxia is the pathophysiological correlate of a variety of clinically important conditions such as shock, sepsis and acute inflammation. Hypoxia attenuates the epithelial and endothelial barrier function, leading to edema formation and to the extravasation of inflammatory cells. This is associated with the release of a variety of cytokines. Semaphorin (SEMA) 7A has the ability to modulate neurite extension and to alter the production of cytokines through activation of macrophages. SEMA7A actions are exerted through interaction with the alpha1beta1-integrin and the plexin C1 receptor. Given this, we hypothesized that SEMA7A might hold significant importance during hypoxic inflammation. In initial in vitro studies with endothelial HMEC-1 cells we found that hypoxia induces the expression of SEMA7A, mainly in the apical membrane. Moreover, experiments using promoter constructs, and hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) loss and gain of function revealed a crucial role of this transcription factor in regulating SEMA7A expression during hypoxia. Forced induction with a CMV based plasmid or siRNA targeted repression of SEMA7A reflected the importance of SEMA7A on the transmigration of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) through endothelial monolayers, respectively. In addition, using a murine model of hypoxia we were able to corroborate an in vivo induction of Sema7a in lungs, heart and liver during normobaric hypoxia. Further experiments with Sema7a-deficient mice (Sema7a-/-) demonstrated that vascular leakage and transmigration of PMNs during hypoxia is attenuated in Sema7a-/- mice compared to wild type controls. Taken together, our data demonstrate a novel role for semaphorin 7A in regulating the inflammatory response during hypoxia.