Abstract:
The mammalian sweet taste receptors (T1Rs) are G protein-coupled receptor complexes, which have recently been proposed to be associated with the brain glucose sensor. Here, we investigated the expression of sweet taste receptors T1R1 and T1R3 in normal and pathological rat brain, including tissue libraries of C6 rat glioma and rat brain of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), by immunohistological methods. The results demonstrated that neurons located in different brain regions, including the cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and habenula, showed immunohistological signals of T1R1 and T1R3. Additionally, significant T1R1 and T1R3 immunoreactivities were also observed in the intra-ventricular epithelial cells of the choroid plexus and ependyma. Furthermore, immunohistological signals of T1R1 and T1R3 were evidently observed in C6 tumor cells. In addition, we have compared the expression levels of T1R1 and T1R3 in the ischemic core and penumbra areas with non-ischemic areas of the MCAO model. The data showed that the signal intensity of T1R1 and T1R3 was significantly increased in the ischemic areas at day 1, 3 and 7 after MCAO compared with their controls, respectively. Particularly, T1R1 reached the peak level at day 7 (all p < 0.05).
To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the expression of the sweet taste receptors, T1R1 and T1R3, in C6 rat glioma and rat MCAO ischemia. The present results indicated that ischemic injury might affect the expression of G-protein-coupled sweet taste receptors in rat brain, suggesting sweet taste receptors might play important roles in the physiological and pathological processes in the mammalian nervous system.